Avon, Mary Kay and Estee Lauder Resume Animal Testing

In February of 2012, PETA discovered that Avon, Mary Kay, and Estee Lauder had resumed animal testing. The three companies had each been cruelty-free for over 20 years, but since China requires cosmetics to be tested on animals, all three companies now pay for their products to be tested on animals. For a short while, Urban Decay also planned to start animal testing but announced in July of 2012 that they would not test on animals and would not sell in China. While none of these are completely vegan companies, they have been considered cruelty-free because they did not test on animals. Urban Decay takes the extra step of identifying vegan products with a purple paw symbol, but not all Urban Decay products are vegan. Testing cosmetics and personal care products on animals are not required by U.S. law unless the product contains a new chemical. In 2009, the European Union banned cosmetics testing on animals, and that ban went into full effect in 2013. In 2011, U.K. officials announced an intention to ban animal testing of household products, but that ban has not yet been enacted. Avon and Animal Testing Avons animal welfare policy now states: Some select products may be required by law in a few countries to undergo additional safety testing, which potentially includes animal testing, under the directive of a government or health agency. In these instances, Avon will first attempt to persuade the requesting authority to accept non-animal test data. When those attempts are unsuccessful, Avon must abide by local laws and submit the products for additional testing. According to Avon, testing their products on animals for these foreign markets is not new, but it appears that PETA removed them from the cruelty-free list because PETA has become more aggressive advocates in the global arena. Avons Breast Cancer Crusade (funded by Avons popular breast cancer walk) is on the Humane Seal list of approved charities that dont fund animal research. Estee Lauder Estee Lauders animal testing statement reads, We do not conduct animal testing on our products or ingredients, nor ask others to test on our behalf, except when required by law. Mary Kay Mary Kays animal testing policy explains: Mary Kay does not conduct animal testing on its products or ingredients, nor ask others to do so on its behalf, except when absolutely required by law. There is only one country where the company operates – among more than 35 around the world – where that is the case and where the company is required by law to submit products for testing – China. Urban Decay Of the four companies, Urban Decay had had the most support in the vegan/animal rights community because they identify their vegan products with a purple paw symbol. The company even distributes free samples through The Coalition for Consumer Information on Cosmetics, which certifies cruelty-free companies with their Leaping Bunny symbol. While Avon, Mary Kay, and Estee Lauder may have offered some vegan products, they had not specifically marketed those products to vegans and did not make it easy to identify their vegan products. Urban Decay had planned to sell their products in China, but received so much negative feedback, the company reconsidered: After careful consideration of many issues, we have decided not to start selling Urban Decay products in China . . . Following our initial announcement, we realized that we needed to step back, carefully review our original plan, and talk to a number of individuals and organizations that were interested in our decision. We regret that we were unable to respond immediately to many of the questions we received, and appreciate the patience our customers have shown as we worked through this difficult issue. Urban Decay is now back on the Leaping Bunny list and PETAs cruelty-free list. While Avon, Estee Lauder, and Mary Kay claim to oppose animal testing, as long as they are paying for animal tests anywhere in the world, they can no longer be considered cruelty-free.

Frederick Douglass Essays - 505 Words

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is an account of Frederick Douglass’ life written in a very detached and objective tone. You might find this tone normal for a historical account of the events of someone’s life if not for the fact that the narrative was written by Frederick Douglass himself. In light of the fact that Douglass wrote his autobiography as a treatise in support of the abolishment of slavery, the removed tone was an effective tone. It gave force to his argument that slavery should be done away with. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Considering the fact that this was written during the height of the abolition movement the novel had to be effective in order to advance the success of the movement.†¦show more content†¦Here Douglass shows that slavery was not a constant source of pain and suffering: â€Å"I was not old enough to work in the fields, and there being little else than field work to do, I had a great deal of leisure time,† (Douglass 71.) This is effective in proving his point because it allows him to show the true horrors of slavery and not be lopsided in his views. Weber 2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Having an objective also paved the way for Douglass to show the most gruesome and torrid tales of slave life. Here is where the autobiographical form of the exposition comes in hand, enabling him to go into the closest of detail of his own experiences as a slave: â€Å"I had been at my new home but one week before Mr. Covey gave me a very severe whipping, cutting my back, causing the blood to run, and raising ridges on my flesh as large as my little finger,† (Douglass 101.) Notice how all he does is detail the incident. He doesn’t speak of how this made him feel or what he wanted to do in response. This neutrality removes him from the picture and lets the sequence of events speak as loudly as they do for themselves. Granted the tone changes throughout the book but the overwhelming and most effective tone was that of objectivity. Showing both sides gives him the opportunity to say that his work was not partial to abolishment. The in depth description of the whipping was compelling while the notation of a fair amount of leisure time asShow MoreRelatedTrickery in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthus they do not survive. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Douglass harnesses the ability to conform to the world of trickery and conveys his journey to freedom. Through his appeal to pathos, use of dramatic asides, and application of anecdotes, Douglass expresses the necessity of slaves to play the game of trickery to survive in the world of tricksters. Effectively establishing an appeal to pathos, Douglass emphasize his raw emotions to the reader, allowing theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American man Frederick Douglass wrote his famous speech, â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro†, America was in a time of great distress. It was the year 1852, and the view of abolitionists was quickly spreading. It was the time of both provocative literatures such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, as well as important resolutions, such as the Dredd Scott decision, showing the contrast between views at the time, both positive and negative towards slavery. Frederick Douglass was a freed African-AmericanRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Man949 Words   |  4 PagesDaniel Lee 12/6/15 Frederick Douglass Essay How did Frederick Douglass move from being a slave to a man? In Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, â€Å"Frederick Douglass,† Frederick Douglass, a black man born into slavery, went from being a slave to a man. His actions proved he was a man. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland. Like many slaves, Frederick Douglass didn’t know his exact age or birthday, but he knew an estimate of his age. â€Å"I come to this, fromRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesFrederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was one of the most important black leaders of the Antislavery movement. He was born in 1817 in Talbot County, MD. He was the son of Harriet Bailey and an unknown white man. His mother was a slave so therefore he was born a slave. He lived with his grandparents until the age of eight, so he never knew his mother well. When he turned eight, he was sent to Aunt Kathy, a woman who took care of slave children on the plantation of Colonel Edward Lloyd. WhenRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Slavery.1438 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Slavery Frederick Douglass the most successful abolitionist who changed America’s views of slavery through his writings and actions. Frederick Douglass had many achievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educatedRead MoreEssay on Frederick Douglass658 Words   |  3 Pages Frederick Douglass nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Frederick Douglass was a man who was active until the day he died. Frederick Attended Anti-Slavery meetings and also attended meetings for Women?s rights. He believed everyone was equal it didnt matter if one was white, black, or green it also didnt matter what sex you were he believed everybody was equal. He achieved many things during his hard but great life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born on a plantation in Tuckahoe, near Easton, in TalbotRead MoreThe Slave By Frederick Douglass972 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of years later. In â€Å"What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?† Frederick Douglass, a former slave, addresses an audience of white abolitionists on July 5th of 1852. He focuses on the disparity between the American values celebrated on the Independence Day and the issue of slavery. To do so, Douglass raises the question of to whom those values apply and explains why and how it should be different. Analyzing Douglass’ effort, we see that he is using arguments that trace back to the ancientRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesFrederick Douglass Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey on Marylands Eastern Shore in 1818, he was the son of a slave woman and, her white master. Upon his escape from slavery at age 20, he adopted the name of the hero of Sir Walter Scotts The Lady of the Lake. Douglass immortalized his years as a slave in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845). This and two other autobiographies, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855) and The Life and Times of Frederick DouglassRead MoreThe Narrative Of Frederick Douglass1835 Words   |  8 PagesIn Frederick Douglass article Figuring out how to Read and Write he clarifies the imperative part instruction plays in a man s life, and the things that you can achieve by figuring out how to peruse and compose. Figuring out how to make a contention did offer Douglass some assistance with obtaining his flexibility, as well as offered different slaves some assistance with getting their opportunity and annul subjugation. We can say that Douglass was fortunate he was taught by his paramour andRead More Frederick Douglass Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn Frederick Douglass autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, he writes about the inhumanity and brutality of slavery, with the intention of informing white, American colonists. Douglass is thought to be one of the greatest leaders of the abolition, which radically and dramatically changed the American way of life, thus revolutionizing America. Douglass changed America, and accomplished this through writing simply and to the point about the reality of slavery

Security & Risk Management Strategy for Small & Medium Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Effective Information Security Risk Management Strategy for Small Medium Enterprises. Answer: As stated by the Tipton Nozaki, (2012), in information technology era, SMEs main objective and purpose is to secure information and data because use of this they accomplish its set of objective in successful manner. Therefore, an information security and risks management strategy offers SMEs with a roadmap for information as well as information infrastrure security with objective and goals that make sure abilities provided is aligned to organization objective and risks profiles. Mainly, Information security and risk management has been treated as an information technology function and involved in businesss IT strategies planning. In spite of the challenges and to maintain organization performance SMEs must fulfill the stringent levels of data security and stay ahead of the issues by incorporating best policies and procedures. According to the Susanto, Almunawar Tuan (2011), Use of better risks management approached and information security procedures helps an organization to ensure high level of security protection. Implementation of the risks management procedures involves an understating of issues identification, knowledge of mainly threats and risks and measured assessment of established better controls and run the procedures to address determined issues in vital manner. A better risks management approach helps the organization to ensure that preservation of confidentiality, assurance of information availability and maintenance of data integrity in successful manner. Information or cyber risks within the organization involve financial loss, data loss; identify theft, reputational damage and so on. Therefore, in such manner SMEs needs to implement information security procedures that effectively emphasized on organizations problems and safe organization resources in better manner (Kizza,2005). According to (Li, 2011) overcoming data security challenges in SMEs is dependent upon embracing a hazard based approach and an open data security arrangement under a comprehensive structure. The hazard methodology must include defining security objectives, characterizing and executing activities, and standard checking with adequacy and effectiveness appraisals (Straub, Goodman, Baskerville, 2008). While data security targets will give headings to endeavors, characterizing activities and the consequent execution will guarantee that prompt risks are alleviated. An ongoing and better monitoring procedure helps SMEs against compliance and enables the associations to counter risks before it produces results. SMEs needs to implement ISO 27001 standards that helps them to accomplish organization objective in successful manner and aids them to controls suitability to their objective and aims. Implementation of the information security procedures is most vital for the organization for the risks management be effectively applied at all level of the organization (Brenner, 2007). Information security at the organization level helps them to determine the roles and responsibilities and guarantees better level of security at each level. The above findings indicates that Information and data is critically vital for organizations to achieve better market positions and run its business for long time with higher profits. The heart of a data or information risk management program is an ongoing procedure of hazard evaluation which includes an understanding of conceivable hazard tolerance, information of likely threats and risks, measured appraisals of set up controls, and executed strategies to address recognized vulnerabilities. References Brenner, J. (2007). ISO 27001: Risk management and compliance.Risk management,54(1), 24. Kizza, J. M. (2005).Computer network security. Springer Science Business Media. Li, Y., Shan, X., Wu, G. (2011). Comprehensive evaluation model for computer network security with linguistic information.Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences,3(9), 126-131. Straub, D. W., Goodman, S. E., Baskerville, R. (2008).Information security: policy, processes, and practices. ME Sharpe. Susanto, H., Almunawar, M. N., Tuan, Y. C. (2011). Information security management system standards: A comparative study of the big five.International Journal of Electrical Computer Sciences IJECSIJENS,11(5), 23-29. Tipton, H. F., Nozaki, M. K. (2012).Information Security Management Handbook, Volume 6. Auerbach Publications.

Ethical Production of Clothing Rana Plaza factory †Free Samples

Question: Discuss aboout the Ethical Production of Clothing Rana Plaza factory. Answer: This essay demonstrates the ethical production of clothing in relation to the collapse of a building collapse of a Rana Plaza factory in the year 2013.It demonstrates a critical explanation about how the common good is challenged or negated by this issue locally or globally. It also explains a few ways to address these challenges in relation with the Common Good and its relationship to other CST principles. The garment industry has been recognized as one of the biggest and the largest export industries. The workers employed here are paid minimum wages and contracts that are flexible and are stopped without giving them any prior notice. The workers working in a textile and garment factories are not given proper facilities and resources. They do not have power in their hand and feel isolated most of the times (Chowdhury et al., 2014). A lot of developing countries such as India and Thailand, the workers are often employed to work in unregulated conditions. They have a pressure to cut the cost of production and labor to improve their profit margins. There are workers who manufacture garments from their home to provide it to customers and local markets. These workers feel isolated and experience invisibility. In Bangladesh, the garment industry is one of the most important bread- earner for the country (Foo, Lim, 2016). A large number of workers in the country are women and they manufactur e garments from home. They receive very low wages and are also not given any extra monetary benefit of working overtime. These workers are also not given any sick leave or paid holidays. Around 80,000 safety hazards were found after inspection in 1106 factories in Bangladesh in the year 2014 (Mezzadri Srivastava,2015).Common good has been negated by this issue on a local as well as global scale as the workers recieve very low wages and face safety issues. There are several principles of Catholic Social teaching such as the dignity of the human person, Common good and community, Option for the poor, Rights and responsibilities, and economic justice which is the most important principle among all others. Dignity of the human person is the most important principles among all the CST principles. The main objective of this principle is to respect the dignity of each and every human being(Moreno-Salamanca, Mel,2015).Each human being is a creation of God and he has his own rights when they are employed in a particular organization. They should be provided proper resources and the location of the factory should be appropriate. The workers in a garment factory should be provided a safe and a proper working environment in order to ensure their rights. The government should make sure that they monitor properly after granting permits for the construction of buildings (Shumi et al.,2015). The companies do not mention their location to prevent che cking from the authorities that the clothing is being manufactured in a safe working environment or not. Common good and community refers to the fact that an individual realizes his or her basic rights and dignity when he is in a relationship with other individuals living in a community. A proper growth and development of an individual occurs in a community. The dignity of workers in a garment industry can be protected and realized by his employer when there is bond of understanding and trust between them (Moreno-Salamanca, Mel,2015). Option for the poor demonstrates the discrimination that is made on the basis of caste, creed, religion and particularly socioeconomic status of the workers who are employed in a garment industry. It is crucial for the owners to respect their efforts which would play a significant role in achieving a common good. They should provide special attention to the working class which will help in the development of a healthier work environment. The poor class should not be discriminated from others as they are the backbone of the garment factory (Mel, 2015). Rights and responsibilities represent the fact that it is important to protect the rights of human being which would in turn protect the dignity of the workers who are employed. Every individual has the right to freedom of choice and the right to life such as proper clothing, food shelter health care services, employment, and education. There are a few ways that can be incorporated in order to address the challengeof garment workers such as their minimum wage should be increased.Advocacy and community engagement can play a vital role in solving the miserable condition of garment workers in bangladesh.Consumers and shareholders should help the workers so that they do not face any issues.Social activist groups should hold these factories liable for miserable conditions of the workers and violation of laws in the country(Mel, 2015).Common people should organize campaigns and protest against the owners of these factory who do not provide proper facilities and resources to their workers. They should be provided proper facilities and resources from the garment owners so that they are able to perform in an effective manner. The garment workers should be organized and increase their power to bargain. This will improve the pathetic situation of the garment workers (Heath Mobarak, 2015).They should be treated with respect an d compassion. The garment owners should help them in every possible manner and should not pressurize them work in intolerable situations. They should be provided monetary help such as loans and proper health care facilities from the government authorities. A large number of garment manufacturers do not pay their workers on time. The government should take strict actions against them as they also need money for their living and to take care of their family members. The workers who work from home have to pay the cost of production such as purchase of machines, maintenance of equipments, thread, needles and electricity to operate their sewing machines. The entire fashion industry depends on copying bigger brands so these issues should be resolved.The garment owners should provide these facilities to the workers working from home so that they can face any monetary pressure and can lead a life of happiness and satisfaction (Sikhdar, Sarkar, Sadeka, 2014). References Chowdhury, R., Harshfield, E., Roy, S., Flora, M. S., Akram, K. A., Bhuiya, A., Ahsan, H. (2014). Life, health, and safety of industrial workers in bangladesh: should they be driven by economic rationale or moral imperative?.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,56(4), e12-e13. Foo, G. H., Lim, L. Y. (2016). 9 Poverty, Ideology and Women Export Factory.Women, Poverty and Ideology in Asia: Contradictory Pressures, Uneasy Resolutions, 212. Heath, R., Mobarak, A. M. (2015). Manufacturing growth and the lives of Bangladeshi women.Journal of Development Economics,115, 1-15. Mel, D. (2015). Virtues, values, and principles in Catholic social teaching. InHandbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management(pp. 1-13). Springer Netherlands. Mezzadri, A., Srivastava, R. (2015). Labour regimes in the Indian garment sector: capital-labour relations, social reproduction and labour standards in the National Capital Region. Moreno-Salamanca, A., Mel, D. (2015). Virtues and Principles in Managing People in the Organization.Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, 1-11. Shumi, S. A. B. R. I. N. A., Zuidgeest, M. H. P., Martinez, J. A., Efroymson, D., van Maarseveen, M. F. A. M. (2015). Understanding the relationship between walkability and quality-of-life of women garment workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Applied Research in Quality of Life,10(2), 263-287. Sikhdar, M. H., Sarkar, S. K., Sadeka, S. (2014). Socio-Economic Conditions of the Female Garment Workers in the Capital City of Bangladesh.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,4(3), 173-179.

Monotheism Developed by Abram

Aggregates and Social Aggregates in Sociology

Aggregates and Social Aggregates in Sociology Within sociology, there are two kinds of aggregates that are commonly used: the social aggregate and aggregate data. The first is simply a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, and the second refers to when we use summary statistics like averages to show something about a population or a social trend. The Social Aggregate A social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the same place at the same time, but who otherwise do not necessarily have anything in common, and who may not interact with each other. A social aggregate is different from a social group, which refers to two or more people who interact regularly and who have things in common, like a romantic couple, a family, friends, classmates, or coworkers, among others. A social aggregate is also different from a social category, which refers to a group of people defined by a shared social characteristic, like gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, age, class, etc. Every day we become part of social aggregates, like when we walk down a crowded sidewalk, eat in a restaurant, ride public transit with other passengers, and shop in stores. The only thing that binds them together is physical proximity. Social aggregates sometimes figure into sociology when researchers use a convenience sample to carry out a research project. They are also present in the work of sociologists who conduct participant observation or ethnographic research. For example, a researcher studying what happens in a particular retail setting might take note of the customers present, and document their demographic makeup by age, race, class, gender, etc., in order to provide a description of the social aggregate that shops at that store. Using Aggregate Data The more common form of an aggregate in sociology is aggregate data. This refers to when social scientists use summary statistics to describe a group or a social trend. The most common type of aggregate data is an average (mean, median, and mode), which allows us to understand something about a group, rather than considering data that represents specific individuals. Median household income is among the most commonly used forms of aggregate data within the social sciences. This figure represents the household income that sits exactly in the middle of the household income spectrum. Social scientists often look at changes in median household income over time in order to see long-term economic trends at the household level. We also use aggregate data to examine differences among groups, like the change over time in median household income, depending on ones  level of education. Looking at an aggregate data trend like this, we see that the economic value of a college degree relative to a high school degree is much greater today than it was in the 1960s. Another common use of aggregate data in social sciences is tracking income by gender and race. Most readers are probably familiar with the concept of the wage gap, which refers to the historical fact that women on average earn less than men and that people of color in the U.S. earn less than white people. This type of research is produced using aggregate data that shows averages of hourly, weekly, and annual earnings by race and gender, and it proves that despite legalized equality, interpersonal discrimination on the basis of gender and race still works to create an unequal society. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Chapter 2 assignment management & organization 335 Essay

Chapter 2 assignment management & organization 335 - Essay Example f bureaucracy while Fayol addressed administration, the five bureaucracy principles by Weber are similar to the fourteen management principles by Henry Fayol (Jones & George, 2009). As such, it is clear that Max Weber and Henry Fayol were very significant in creating systems that the modern companies across the globe adopted. Nevertheless, they have different ideas about bureaucracy and administration. Indeed, while Max Weber believed in the theory of bureaucracy, which had five different principles on how to achieve authority, Henry Fayol Henri Fayol believed in the fourteen principles of management (Jones & George, 2009). In fact, although Fayol appreciated the five bureaucracy principles by Weber, he additionally recognized the fundamental role performed by informal authority (Jones & George, 2009). Moreover, Weber set the standard operating procedures that enhanced the performance of the bureaucratic system while Henry Fayol developed the classical theory, which aimed at enhancing productivity by improving efficiency (Jones & George, 2009). Indeed, while Max Weber considers bureaucracy as a more rational and efficient form of organization, Fayol considers administration as the most effective form of organization. As such, although both have a common goal, they adopt different